UK readers, 2026 review

Casinos Not on GamStop UK: Independent Sites Reviewed for 2026

Non-GamStop casinos are offshore gambling sites outside the UK's national self-exclusion network and usually outside UK Gambling Commission regulation. They can provide different games, payments and promotions, but they also change the protections available to players. Compare the current options below by verifiable licensing, usable bonus terms, withdrawal rules and responsible-gambling controls rather than headline rewards alone.

Chloe Harper

Guides for UK players

Chloe Harper

Reviewed on October 12, 2026

01

Amunbet

450% UP TO 2,700 GBP + 450 FS

9.8

Get Bonus
02

Gamblezen

500% UP TO €3625 + 350 FS

9.7

Get Bonus
03

Reveryplay

100% UP TO 5000 EUR + 250 FS

9.7

Get Bonus
Evidence-led review
Payout rules checked
Updated October 2026

Best Non-GamStop Casinos at a Glance

Review the available offers, then confirm the operator, legal entity, licence, exact domain and complete terms before depositing. A suitable casino should match your payment and game preferences while providing clear rules, meaningful controls and a traceable complaint route.

Casinos Not on GamStop: Live Options

01
Amunbet

★★★★★9.8

450% UP TO 2,700 GBP + 450 FS

02
Gamblezen

★★★★★9.7

500% UP TO €3625 + 350 FS

03
Reveryplay

★★★★★9.7

100% UP TO 5000 EUR + 250 FS

04
Elarabet

★★★★★9.8

UP TO €5,000 & 300 FS + €750 FREEBET

05
Spartaza

★★★★★9.6

500% UP TO €5,000

06
Pike

★★★★★9.7

550% + 400 FS

07
Lussurio

★★★★★9.7

550% up to £3,013 and 400 FS

Essential Checks for Casinos Not on GamStop

OperatorLegal company, regulator, licence number and authorised domain. All identifiers should match across the register and site terms.
BonusWagering base, contribution, maximum bet, expiry and cashout limit. Calculate usable value instead of comparing percentages.
WithdrawalsKYC, pending time, fees, limits and escalation route. Assess the complete process, not the fastest payment rail.
PaymentsDeposit and payout methods, currencies, conversion and reversibility. Confirm the preferred method works in both directions.
GamesProvider authenticity, rules and title-level RTP. Do not rely on a claimed catalogue average.
ControlsLimits, time-outs, closure, exclusion and related-brand coverage. Offshore tools may not equal UKGC and GAMSTOP protection.

Potential Advantages of Independent Casinos Not on GamStop

More payment formats

Offshore casinos may support combinations of cards, bank transfers, e-wallets, prepaid methods and cryptocurrencies. This can give players more control over currency, fees and transaction preferences. Availability differs between operators and between deposits and withdrawals, so the cashier and payment terms still need to be checked.

Broader game categories

A single account may include slots, table games, live dealer rooms, crash or instant-win games, jackpots and sports betting. Variety is valuable only when providers are authentic, rules are accessible and the lobby makes suitable games easy to identify.

Different bonus structures

Welcome matches, free spins, cashback, reloads and loyalty rewards may be packaged differently from UK-regulated promotions. A larger headline is not automatically better. Clear wagering, realistic expiry and fair cashout conditions determine whether an offer has practical value.

Access to international operators

Players may find software and account features that are uncommon in the British regulated market. That wider choice must be balanced against a different consumer-protection framework, complaint process and self-exclusion coverage.

Not On GamStop UK - main content

Detailed Reviews of Casinos Not on GamStop

A useful casino review should reduce uncertainty before a deposit. It needs to identify the operator, legal entity, named regulator, licence record and exact authorised domain. It should explain account rules in direct language and distinguish information found in formal terms from promotional claims. Large game totals, high average RTP, fast payouts and popularity claims need evidence rather than repetition.

The date of every material check matters. A licence may remain stable while the welcome package, supported payments, withdrawal limits or account rules change. Reviews should therefore make freshness visible and avoid carrying an old conclusion into a new offer without confirming the underlying conditions. When the current position cannot be established, describing the gap is more honest than converting an earlier claim into a present fact.

The live offers above contain the current transactional detail. Their position can narrow the field, but it does not prove that the same option suits every player. Someone focused on live tables has different priorities from a player looking for crypto support or a low deposit. Each preference remains secondary to ownership, licensing, withdrawals and player controls.

Good reviews expose the cost attached to each apparent advantage. A large bonus can create substantial turnover. Fast sign-up can shift verification to the withdrawal stage. A broad cashier may contain methods available only for deposits. A large lobby can include regional restrictions or alternative RTP versions. Explaining these trade-offs is more useful than repeating the sales message.

How Each Casino Should Be Tested and Scored

Licensing and ownership deserve the greatest weight because they identify who holds player funds and which rules apply. The regulator's register, site footer, general terms and privacy policy should name compatible entities. The registered domain should match the website being used. Any conflict should be resolved before other features influence the assessment.

Withdrawal quality should cover the entire route from request to receipt. Relevant factors include internal pending time, identity checks, payment-method rules, fees, minimum and maximum amounts, recurring caps and the handling of bonus balances. The complaint route matters too. Clear escalation is more useful than a general promise that support will help.

Bonus fairness depends on wagering, eligible games, contribution rates, maximum stake, expiry and conversion or cashout limits. Game quality depends on authentic software, available rules and title-level RTP information. Mobile usability, support and privacy improve the experience but cannot compensate for an unverifiable licence or unclear company.

Evidence should be dated and identified by type. Licence records and published terms are stronger than badges and slogans. Cashier information can confirm current availability, while support can clarify policy without replacing written rules. If information conflicts, a review should disclose the uncertainty instead of selecting the most attractive figure.

A score should remain explainable. Readers should understand why transparent ownership and fair withdrawal rules help a casino, and why a restrictive cashout clause or licence mismatch damages it. No number of games, free spins or mobile features should outweigh a failure in the basic protections around funds and complaints.

Weighting should reflect consequences. A minor navigation weakness may inconvenience a player, while unclear ownership can affect the ability to recover funds or pursue a complaint. Similarly, an attractive promotion should not cancel out a material withdrawal restriction. Showing category results alongside any overall assessment keeps serious weaknesses visible and prevents a polished interface from dominating the decision.

Who Each Casino Is Best For

Category recommendations should correspond to a verifiable strength. A crypto-oriented casino should explain supported assets, networks, conversion and withdrawal checks. A choice for game variety should show credible providers and usable filters, not only a large total. A live-casino option should make providers, table limits and availability clear.

Low-deposit players should compare minimum funding with minimum withdrawal because a cheap entry can be undermined by a high payout threshold. Bonus players need the full turnover calculation. Players who prefer cash balances should be able to decline promotions. When a site offers no clear value beyond a headline reward, no recommendation may be the sound conclusion.

What Are Non-GamStop Casinos?

Non-GamStop casinos are gambling sites that do not participate in GAMSTOP. They are commonly offshore operations using an overseas framework rather than a UK Gambling Commission licence. That distinction can affect self-exclusion, account checks, payments, promotions, complaints and enforcement. It does not automatically determine the quality of an individual site.

Offshore, non-GamStop and no-KYC are different descriptions. Offshore concerns the location or regulatory framework. Non-GamStop describes participation in the national exclusion network. No-KYC is a claim about identity checks. A casino can match one label without matching the others, and a short registration form does not rule out later verification.

The word independent also needs care. It may indicate that a casino sits outside a familiar UK group, but it does not reveal the beneficial owner or connected brands. The legal entity and related-site clauses show whether multiple casinos share wallets, checks, restrictions or exclusion policies.

Players often explore these sites because of payment choice, software, game features, account processes or promotional structures. Those differences must be considered beside the protections given up. Less friction can feel convenient, yet it may also mean less access to familiar British complaint and harm-prevention systems.

The absence of GAMSTOP participation also says nothing about the quality of a casino's internal tools. One operator may offer useful limits and a clear closure process, while another may provide only a basic request form. Those controls need to be inspected individually. Players should not assume that a named overseas regulator requires the same self-exclusion scope or reopening safeguards found within the UK framework.

Nor should lighter onboarding be confused with privacy. Casinos and payment providers can still collect identity, contact, device and transaction information. Their privacy notice should identify the responsible company, purposes of processing, recipients and retention approach. A site asking for sensitive documents without a coherent company identity or privacy explanation creates an avoidable risk.

Three questions should not be collapsed into one: whether a player can access a site, whether the operator holds an overseas licence, and whether it is authorised to target customers in Great Britain. Registration access does not prove UKGC approval. An overseas licence may establish oversight without providing equivalent UK protections.

Broad claims that offshore casinos are always legal or safe are therefore unreliable. Evidence belongs to the exact company and domain. Establish the operator, regulator, licence status, governing terms and complaint route. If these details cannot be reconciled, the appropriate decision is not to deposit.

Safety also has several dimensions. Technical security, fair games, payment reliability, responsible-gambling controls and access to redress are related but distinct. A valid encrypted connection protects data in transit; it does not prove fair bonus rules or reliable withdrawals. A recognisable software provider can support game confidence; it does not validate the casino's ownership or complaint practices. Each dimension needs its own evidence.

How to Verify a Licence, Company, and Exact Domain

Begin with the footer and terms. Record the company name, registered address, licence number, regulator and trading names. Compare them with the regulator's own register. The record should identify the same entity and authorise the domain being visited. Similar spelling, copied seals and unrelated regulator links are not sufficient proof.

Read the governing-law and complaints clauses. Look for a formal sequence, response timeframe and escalation option. If a dispute body is named, determine what it accepts. A licence cannot guarantee a favourable outcome, but a traceable process is materially better than vague instructions to contact support.

Compare the footer, general terms, privacy notice and cashier. Different company names without explanation raise questions about responsibility and data handling. Connected brands may share wallets, verification data, limits and exclusions, so the group relationship should be understood before personal documents or funds are provided.

Red Flags and Complaint Risks

Warning signs include unclear ownership, an unverifiable licence, a domain missing from the record, or terms apparently written for another brand. Hidden bonus rules, broad confiscation clauses, severe withdrawal caps, unexplained fees and weak account-closure procedures also deserve scrutiny.

Be cautious if review language appears duplicated, support refuses to answer in writing, or payment instructions move outside the cashier. Crypto transfers can be hard to reverse. An unexpected request for additional funds to release a withdrawal should never be accepted without legitimate written terms and independently verifiable account information.

Preserve the terms, offer page, transaction records, verification requests and correspondence. A dated record supports a formal complaint and helps a regulator or dispute body understand what occurred. Evidence gathered before a problem is usually clearer than material reconstructed later.

Complaint quality can often be assessed before registration. The terms should state where to submit a complaint, which information to include, how acknowledgement works and when escalation becomes available. An operator that cannot explain this process before receiving funds may be even less helpful once a disputed balance exists. Clear procedures do not ensure a favourable decision, but they make accountability easier to test.

Non-GamStop vs UKGC-Licensed Casinos

The main difference is a regulatory framework, not a bonus size. UKGC-licensed casinos participate in British systems and expectations covering self-exclusion, identity, affordability, marketing, payments, complaints and safer gambling. Offshore casinos follow their own jurisdiction's requirements, whose scope and enforcement can differ.

Sites outside GAMSTOP may promote broader payments, different game features, larger bonuses or fewer interruptions. These possibilities sit beside reduced access to familiar UK remedies. Players should decide whether a particular feature outweighs changes in complaint handling, enforcement and self-exclusion coverage.

Offshore does not mean verification-free. Some sites allow quick registration but request extensive evidence before withdrawal. Friction may appear later rather than disappear. A usable policy explains which documents can be requested, why they are needed, how they are secured and how long review normally takes.

Payment and promotional economics can differ as well. International methods and currencies may introduce fees or conversion. Crypto adds network and price risk. Larger bonuses can carry higher wagering, shorter deadlines or cashout caps. A fair comparison therefore examines the full account journey rather than one appealing feature.

Dispute resolution is another material difference. UK-regulated play is connected with familiar domestic rules and established escalation expectations. An offshore casino may direct complaints to its own team, an overseas regulator or another stated body. Jurisdiction, language, response time and the kinds of disputes accepted can all affect practical redress. The terms should explain that route before a player commits funds.

Self-exclusion creates the clearest dividing line. GAMSTOP is designed to apply across participating businesses, while an offshore exclusion may cover only one site or one operating group. A player should never assume that closing one offshore account creates a broader barrier. Anyone needing cross-site protection should prioritise maintaining the existing exclusion and strengthening it with additional blocks.

Bonuses: How to Compare the Real Value

The visible percentage and maximum amount are only the starting point. Usable value depends on the qualifying deposit, wagering base, multiplier, game contribution, maximum stake, expiry, excluded titles and winnings cap. Free spins need a game, value, expiry and rule for any winnings they produce.

Start with the wagering base. A multiplier applied to bonus money alone produces a different obligation from the same multiplier applied to deposit plus bonus. Then inspect contribution. Slots, table games and live games may count at different rates. A maximum-bet breach can invalidate winnings, so the permitted stake must fit normal play.

Expiry affects risk. A high turnover over a short period can pressure players into faster or larger play. Maximum conversion can sharply reduce the benefit of a promotion even after wagering is completed. Both belong beside the headline amount in any comparison.

No-deposit offers can still involve wagering, game restrictions, cashout caps and a qualifying payment before withdrawal. Cashback may be real money or bonus credit and may cover only defined net losses. Loyalty schemes reward continued activity. Labels are not substitutes for complete terms.

Currency also changes bonus value. A headline cap stated in euros or another currency may not align with a GBP account, and conversion can occur at deposit, bonus credit or withdrawal. The terms should state which balance is used for wagering and which exchange rate applies. Without that information, two offers with similar numbers are not directly comparable.

Free spins need particular scrutiny because their number can distract from their monetary value. The stake per spin, eligible title, validity period and treatment of winnings determine what the package means. Winnings may become bonus funds with fresh wagering or may be subject to a maximum conversion. Count alone cannot establish value.

Worked Bonus Example

Consider a hypothetical 100% match on a £100 deposit with 30× wagering on deposit plus bonus. The starting balance is £200, and the stated turnover is 30 × £200, or £6,000. Partial game contribution, maximum stakes, expiry and cashout restrictions can make the practical conditions more demanding.

A smaller match that applies wagering only to bonus money may require less turnover and be easier to understand. This shows why the best non-GamStop casino cannot be selected by percentage alone. Transparent, achievable conditions can be worth more than a large headline.

Players who do not want a promotion should check how to decline it before funding the account. Determine whether bonuses attach automatically and what happens to the cash balance if one is cancelled. Clear separation of cash and bonus funds reduces avoidable disputes.

Payments, KYC, and Withdrawal Times

Cards, bank transfers, e-wallets, prepaid products and cryptocurrencies have distinct strengths and risks. Cards are familiar, but support can depend on the operator and issuer. Transfers may suit some amounts but take longer. E-wallets separate the casino from a main bank account. Prepaid methods can help control deposits while often being unsuitable for payouts.

Crypto requires careful network handling. Confirm the asset, chain, wallet address, minimum amount, conversion and whether the account remains denominated in crypto. Transfers using the wrong network may be unrecoverable. Market prices can also change between depositing and withdrawing.

A GBP balance does not guarantee freedom from conversion costs. The casino, payment provider or intermediary may exchange funds. Check the account currency, rate, fee and whether withdrawal creates a second conversion. Repeated small charges can become significant.

Break payout time into request, pending, approval, payment processing and receipt. Promotions often describe only the final rail. A fast blockchain or e-wallet cannot offset a long internal review. Check processing windows, weekend treatment, cancellation and whether larger balances are divided into instalments.

KYC can cover identity, address and payment ownership. Enhanced due diligence may involve source of funds. Checks are not inherently negative; clarity, proportionality, security and consistent application matter. A policy applied only after a win deserves closer examination than one disclosed before deposit.

Document handling deserves the same attention as the request itself. The privacy notice should explain which company receives files and how they are used. Uploading through a secure account area is preferable to sending sensitive images through an improvised channel. If a request seems unrelated to the account or excessively broad, ask for its purpose and the policy supporting it before responding.

Fees can be direct or indirect. A casino may charge for processing, a payment provider may apply its own tariff, and currency conversion may introduce a spread. Crypto transactions can add network fees. Compare the amount leaving the funding source with the credited balance, then compare the approved withdrawal with the amount actually received.

Common Causes of Delayed or Refused Withdrawals

Documents can delay payment when names, dates or addresses do not match or images fail stated requirements. Depositing and withdrawing through different methods can trigger a review. Some casinos return funds to the original source first and route any remainder separately.

Bonus disputes can result from exceeding a maximum stake, using excluded games, requesting payment before wagering is complete or creating multiple accounts. Save the terms in force and ask for written clarification when a rule is unclear. A retrievable answer is stronger than a disappearing chat exchange.

Per-transaction, daily, weekly and monthly caps can split one balance into several payments. Fees and VIP conditions may also apply. Pending periods sometimes permit reversal, encouraging continued play. Avoid cancelling a genuine cashout, and request a written status if the published deadline passes.

Games and Software Providers

Offshore libraries may combine slots, digital table games, live dealer rooms, crash and instant-win titles, jackpots, bingo and sports betting. Breadth matters less than authenticity, rules and navigation. A smaller selection from identifiable providers can be more useful than a huge unsubstantiated total.

Check supplier information when launching a game and use provider resources where available. Rules, paytables and individual RTP should be accessible. A claimed average return across a whole catalogue cannot describe each game because settings, versions and volatility differ.

Slots range widely in exposure and pace. Jackpot contributions can affect return characteristics. Crash and instant-win games move quickly and may accelerate spending. Live games introduce table limits, schedules and provider rules. Suitable limits and session controls should reflect the chosen category.

Sports betting can use separate promotion, settlement, odds and withdrawal terms even within a shared wallet. Casino bonuses may not apply to sports, and free bets follow their own rules. Players should identify which balance is being used instead of assuming one policy covers every product.

Mobile quality includes readable terms, secure login, stable games, accessible limits, a usable cashier and clear balances. A downloadable app is not automatically superior to a responsive site, particularly when installation requires software from outside a familiar store.

Game discovery influences safer use as well as convenience. Filters for provider, category, stake and features can help a player avoid unsuitable titles, while clear favourites and history make activity easier to review. A lobby that prioritises constant promotional messages but hides limits, rules or account history should not score highly for usability.

Authenticity must be separated from entertainment preference. A familiar-looking title can still be delivered through an unauthorised copy, and a provider logo is not conclusive on its own. Launch information, game rules and supplier confirmation offer stronger evidence. If a title lacks a paytable, rules or identifiable provider, do not rely on a claimed return figure.

Responsible Gambling and Self-Exclusion

An active GAMSTOP exclusion should be respected. Casinos outside the network are not an appropriate route around a decision to stop gambling. If play is causing harm or feels difficult to control, support and stronger blocking are more appropriate than opening an offshore account.

Inspect the responsible-gambling policy before depositing. Useful options include deposit, loss, wager and session limits, reality checks, cooling-off periods, time-outs and exclusion. Ask when reduced limits take effect, how long exclusions last, whether reopening is possible and whether controls cover related brands.

Site tools can be combined with device blocking and gambling blocks from financial providers. These layers address different points of access. None should be assumed to provide complete coverage, but together they can create stronger barriers than a single operator setting.

Set boundaries in advance: define an affordable loss and time limit, avoid borrowing and never chase losses. A promotion's expiry should not dictate spending pace. RTP describes long-run game mathematics and cannot predict an individual session.

Independent support can help with recognising harm, planning restrictions and addressing financial or relationship effects. Maintaining a self-exclusion is more important than any game, payment method or promotion offered outside the UK-regulated market.

Responsible play also requires attention to speed. Crash games, rapid slots and instant-win products can compress many decisions into a short period. Session reminders and time limits are particularly relevant in these categories. Taking breaks and reviewing transaction history can reveal spending patterns that are difficult to notice while play continues.

Account controls are most useful when configured before gambling begins. Reducing a limit should take effect without a cooling-off delay that allows more spending, while increasing it should involve a pause. Players should know whether limits apply across casino and sportsbook products and whether the same operator runs other brands outside the chosen account.

How to Choose an Independent Casino Not on GamStop

Start with the operator rather than the offer. Verify the company, regulator, licence, domain and group relationships. If records are inconsistent or unavailable, stop. Promotional value cannot compensate for uncertainty about who controls the site and player funds.

Map the complete payment route next. Confirm currency, methods, fees, KYC, pending periods and limits. Determine whether the deposit method supports withdrawals. For crypto, verify the asset, network and conversion. For fiat, identify intermediary exchange costs.

Treat a promotion as a contract. Calculate turnover using the correct base. Review contribution, maximum stake, expiry, excluded games, free-spin value and maximum cashout. If essential conditions are absent, the offer is incomplete. Opting out can be preferable to accepting rules that do not fit normal play.

Then evaluate games and usability. Confirm providers, rules and title-level RTP. Check the mobile experience, cashier, limits and support. Ask a specific question about payouts or controls and keep the written response. Contradictory answers are a warning rather than a minor inconvenience.

Finally, understand account closure and complaints before they are needed. Set limits early and consider whether gambling outside GAMSTOP fits your circumstances. Do not open an offshore account if you have self-excluded, cannot maintain boundaries or feel pressure to recover losses.

Use the current offers above to identify possibilities, then decide from verifiable evidence and acceptable terms. A suitable operator should be transparent about ownership, money movement and player controls without relying on exaggerated promises. Walking away remains the correct choice when those fundamentals are missing.

A final review should be repeatable. Another reader following the same licence, terms, cashier and policy checks should be able to understand the conclusion, even if personal preferences differ. That transparency is more valuable than unexplained ratings or superlatives. It gives players a way to reassess the choice when an offer changes, a payment disappears or new account terms take effect.

Benefits & Limits

Benefits

  • The category can offer a wider mix of games, payment methods and promotional formats.
  • International software and flexible account features may also appeal to experienced players.
  • These are possible category differences, not promises of higher returns, faster payouts or safer play.

Limits

  • Casinos outside UKGC regulation do not provide the same British consumer framework, GAMSTOP coverage or familiar dispute channels.
  • Licensing standards vary, bonuses can be restrictive, and withdrawals may involve verification, limits and delays.
  • Anyone registered with GAMSTOP should respect that exclusion and should not use offshore sites to bypass it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are non-GamStop casinos?

They are online casinos that do not participate in the UK's GAMSTOP self-exclusion network. They commonly operate under an overseas licence rather than a UK Gambling Commission licence. The label does not by itself establish quality, safety, legality or anonymity.

Are casinos not on GamStop safe?

There is no reliable category-wide answer. Assess the exact operator, legal company, authorised domain, licence, terms, payment controls, games, complaint route and responsible-gambling tools. An overseas licence may be verifiable without providing the same remedies as UK regulation.

Can UK players use non-GamStop casinos?

Some offshore operators accept registrations associated with the UK, but access does not mean that an operator is licensed to target Great Britain. Check the terms, licence scope and applicable requirements for the exact site rather than relying on a general claim.

Do offshore casinos require KYC?

They can. Quick registration does not guarantee verification-free withdrawals. An operator may later request proof of identity, address, payment ownership or source of funds, especially before paying or after activity triggers enhanced review.

Is PayPal available?

Payment support varies and can change. Some sites offer e-wallets, while others focus on cards, transfers, prepaid products or crypto. Confirm availability for both deposits and withdrawals because a funding method may not support payouts.

Are crypto withdrawals instant?

Blockchain settlement may be quick after approval, but the casino can still apply a pending period, verification, bonus review, security checks or limits. Network conditions can add time as well. Treat instant language as a claim requiring confirmation.

Why might a withdrawal be delayed?

Common reasons include incomplete verification, a payment-method mismatch, bonus restrictions, internal pending periods, withdrawal caps or enhanced checks. Keep the relevant terms and correspondence, request a written status and use the formal complaint route if the stated timeframe passes.

How do GamStop, GamCare and GamBlock differ?

They serve different functions. GAMSTOP is a self-exclusion network connected with participating gambling businesses, support organisations provide help and information, and blocking tools restrict access on devices. One should not be assumed to replace another.

Can I permanently close an offshore account?

Operators may offer closure, time-out or self-exclusion, but the scope and enforcement can differ. Read the policy before depositing and establish whether a closure covers related brands. Device blocking and bank gambling blocks can provide additional layers.

What defines a strong offshore casino?

Strong candidates have a verifiable company and licence, readable terms, transparent withdrawals, suitable payments, authentic games, responsive support, meaningful player controls and a documented complaint route. A large bonus or game count cannot replace those fundamentals.

Independent casinos, UK

EDITORIAL REVIEW

Chloe Harper

Guides for UK players

Our team examines gambling sites outside the GAMSTOP scheme using published licence records, written terms and live cashier information. We prioritise company identity, withdrawal conditions and account controls over promotional headlines, and revisit each page as terms change.

Updated 2026-10-12